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| Volume XVII • Issue 41 • 2011 (Already published) |
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| The Era of Talents |
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| Title : |
The era of competences |
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| Author(s) : |
Christian, Bourion ; Frank, Bournois ; Jacques, Igalens ; Maurice, Thévenet |
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| Abstract : |
During the agricultural and industrial eras, man relied successively on the land and on manufacturing. His skills enabled him to manage his daily organisational routine, which was stable and regular, and was carried out thanks to repetitive procedures, which were patiently learned over time. In the contemporary ‘hyper’ era, man as an ‘actor-traveller’, has to find his way through unpredictable situations, radically changing trends, moments of crisis, and diminishing resources. His skills no longer possess, in sufficient quantity, the diversity required, since the knowledge society has generated an ‘information obesity’ where the brain has to sift rigorously and in subtle ways, before reaching any meaningful interpretation. He proceeds very cautiously: it is the age of competences. Only commitment and determination enable man to withstand the critical nature of events and avoid organisational dysfunctions. In terms of intellectual resources he is caught in a conflict of disciplines between Franco-european psycho-sociology, which the Americans call Organizational Behavior, and management sciences. This article develops some aspects of these challenges. |
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| Keywords: |
beauty, clairvoyancy, believe, hope, expectation, explain, faith, become aware, regulate, regulate, resilience, commitment, relate, become aware of, regulation,resistance to obstruction, resolve, spirituality, talent, skills, transmit |
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| Pages : |
2 - 2 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0002 |
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| Type : |
Editorial |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-2.htm |
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| Title : |
Thanks |
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| Pages : |
25 - 26 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0025 |
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| Type : |
Announcement |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-25.htm |
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| Title : |
Management and Religion, the unexpected alliance |
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| Author(s) : |
Maurice, Thévenet |
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| Abstract : |
It is difficult for management to cope with religion. However, religion imposes itself to managers and managerial practices when it comes to adjusting finance, marketing or human resource management to the beliefs of people and to the religious context of markets. The article explores how religion challenges management. It examines how the issue emerges within organizations under the more managerially correct concept of spirituality, in the US context for example. It eventually proposes a third path: if management is a human science, it might discover in religion, some very insightful knowledge that appear to be pretty helpful when traditional references are put into question. |
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| Keywords: |
anthropology, relationship, religion, spirituality, management |
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| Pages : |
27 - 43 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0027 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-27.htm |
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| Title : |
Skills needed to condemn Jeshua ben Joseph
Search for meaning in the Passion of Christ, in the light of Organizational Behavior |
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| Author(s) : |
Christian, Bourion |
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| Abstract : |
Organizational Behavior provides us with theories to explain the behaviour of men involved in the circumstances of the passion of Christ. The theories have been confirmed, even though 2000 years separate them from the facts. The theories in question are those of provocation, of rumour, of cognitive dissonance, of the defining moment, of submission to authority, the theory of changing norms, of economic intelligence, the theory of error, theories concerned with the permissive behavior of the crowd, and theories of management, especially when management lacks power and does ‘not want problems’. These theories combine, to give contemporary meaning to an emblematic event, which explains, even today, what happens when a message of truth offers tears and blood, whereas the crowd expects pleasure and happiness. In contemporary times we would put this down to media manipulation of public opinion. The case can be seen as a fundamental exercise in proximity management. |
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| Keywords: |
Christ, dissonance, error, Judas, management without power, passion, permissive, Pontius Pilate, provocation, rumor, submission, especially no problem, suicide |
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| Pages : |
45 - 64 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0045 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-45.htm |
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| Title : |
The talent of a young priest. Faith, from vocation to ministry |
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| Author(s) : |
Jauffrey, Walter |
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| Pages : |
65 - 77 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0065 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-65.htm |
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| Title : |
The Skills of Volunteers in Charitable organisations |
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| Author(s) : |
Françoise, Ferrandez |
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It is not by accident that people become caught up in the vicious circle of poverty. One can identify in such people methods of managing their aggressiveness, which are inappropriate to the situation. It is probable that such deviant behaviour has in the past been a contributory factor in their lack of employability. The article offers, through examples of this behaviour, a typology of the means of managing aggressiveness. First, those who refuse help and who react to the situation in a way which suggests it is an insult to their dignity. Then there are those who vent their aggressiveness on the place, or the product or service provided. Then there are people who, like some inmates in prisons, seek to re-establish some form of hierarchical order in their homes, where they themselves occupy inevitably the summit position on the pyramid. ‘I want you to show me some respect’, ‘Do you realize who you are talking to?’ Then, we see all those forms of aggressiveness shown towards animals or other people. Next, there is the aggressive behavior directed towards oneself, with behavioral problems linked to cleanliness (behavioral incontinence leading to a general rejection of hygiene), alcoholism and drug-taking. Finally, and more rewarding but less frequent, there are the instances of excessive kindness shown by fragile and dependent personalities. We conclude this survey of case studies with a positive account where the person concerned manages to break free successfully. |
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| Keywords: |
aggression, aggressiveness, spiral, poverty, vicious circle |
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| Pages : |
79 - 106 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0079 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-79.htm |
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| Title : |
Resilience talent : how deep shocks, negative life events create value and give sense in all life ? |
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| Author(s) : |
Marie-Josée, Bernard |
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| Abstract : |
The purpose of this article is to explore how resilience process creates value and make sense in individual life story after a traumatism.
The paper shows different aspects of psychological resilience, it helps us understand the value of talent of resilience. the concept of “resilience”, especially appears as a way of rebounding from major personal traumas and as an important part of initially engaging in self recovering. This paper builds on theory and research in the field of intrapersonal resilience (psychology, psychiatric, and social psychology)
The intention to create a new step of life, the energy and determination to build a project may well be connected to the personal need to re-invent oneself after some major life shock. It may be an act of psychological resilience. Resilience is presented as inner transformation process. There are several talents and competencies in action in resilience process. The paper opens on a new understanding about these different and original skills. |
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| Keywords: |
making sense, process, rebounding, talent, traumatism, self victory, resilience |
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| Pages : |
107 - 118 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0107 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-107.htm |
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| Title : |
Coaching the unemployed. Feedback: my experience of my coaching practice among people far removed from employment |
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| Author(s) : |
Mireille, Barthod-Prothade |
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Using a concrete illustration based on an experience of coaching practice, the narrative analyses how to become a good tutor of resilience with people without employment. To do this, the changes in the coaching process are observed through the activities taking place during this process. What is the nature of the transformations that emerge as a result of the coaching activities? The proposal is to differentiate the new experience from the repeated experience. The new experience requires distancing action while, in the repeated experience, the coachee fails to develop resilience factors and cannot transform reality. |
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| Keywords: |
renewed experience, coaching process, new experience |
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| Pages : |
119 - 130 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0119 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-119.htm |
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| Title : |
The griot’s talent : a challenge to the hypermodern manager |
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| Author(s) : |
Jacques, Igalens |
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In many fields of social life, stotytelling became essential, in politics thanks to the so called «spin doctors» notably. Within management field, the marketing tells us that we moved from the brand image to the brand story. We explore storytelling in management and we pick out the griot’s talent. First, we present one of the challenges the hypermodern manager has to face, sensemaking; then we demonstrate how the griot’s talent, in other words storytelling, helps him to cope with this challenge. We finish with some recommendations to improve this talent when it is not innate. |
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| Keywords: |
hypermodernism, sensemaking, storytelling |
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| Pages : |
131 - 145 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0131 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-131.htm |
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| Title : |
Business environment awareness. Exploration and recognition of a new concept |
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| Author(s) : |
Ève, Saint-Onge ; Victor Y., Haines ; Vincent, Rousseau |
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Although several organizations still function according to traditional command-and-control, authority-based management principles in which employee discretion is minimal, competitive pressures and new social realities have prompted many business leaders to embrace a more participative approach. In organizations that foster employee engagement, employees are encouraged to participate in decision making on an ongoing basis. Such an approach requires that employees consider a variety of business issues when involved in decision making. It would seem that models of participative management have largely ignored this requirement. Our aim, therefore, is to suggest a conceptualization of business environment awareness and to explore its function in a context of employee participation. We define this concept as the extent to which employees take into account business-related issues of their organization in the context of decision making. We also delimit the conceptual boundaries of business environment awareness by differentiating it from other constructs found in organizational research, notably situation awareness, brand awareness, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment. This conceptual analysis helped determine the specificities of business environment awareness relative to other concepts used in organizational research. |
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| Keywords: |
participatory management, decision making, business environment awareness |
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| Pages : |
147 - 155 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0147 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-147.htm |
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| Title : |
The coach talent. New Age and its influence on coaching as a new way of regulate the social disappointment |
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| Author(s) : |
Baptiste, Rappin |
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| Abstract : |
New Age belongs to the postmodern religiosity characterized by the important role of interiority, experience and pragmatism. First, we highlight the historical and sociological aspects of New Age; then, we show how it is present in the coaching practice. The author was trained to coaching and detects in it the characteristics of postmodern religion: self-transformation, relativism, and syncretism. The paper concludes that the belief in his potential and in his talent allows the individual to overcome the anomic social context of post modernity. |
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| Keywords: |
way of regulation, New Age, postmodern religiosity, coaching |
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| Pages : |
157 - 170 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0157 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-157.htm |
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| Title : |
Revisiting Gender Relations |
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| Author(s) : |
Laurent, Bibard |
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People nowadays assume gender problem are fundamentally understood. We would only lack applying a real equity between them, particularly based on gender studies contributions. This actually sounds wrong : the very genders problematic is still to be identified and recognized. Genders relations must be radically examined and questioned to improve genders’ management inside organizations and companies. Sexuality and Globalization presents some insights aiming to such an understanding. |
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| Keywords: |
equity, female, gender, male, sexuality, anthropology |
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| Pages : |
171 - 183 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0171 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-171.htm |
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| Title : |
Beauty: The hyper focus which we assign it in time of recruitment. Report of discrimination based on a correspondences test |
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| Author(s) : |
Hélène, Garner-Moyer |
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the beauty is a significant asset in human resources management because the positive attributes which are associated with are an advantage in western societies. It modifies the occupational routes of the individuals because it affects their insertion on labour market and therefore the careers. Physical appearance must be consider by HRM because it could act as a variable of management. This paper consists in clarifying psychosocial mechanisms explaining the impact of physical attributes at the time of recruitment, valuating its impact, all things being equal, and clarifying these results from the point of view of HRM. A correspondences test allowing to calculate rates of access to the job interviews was realized to measure the scale of the discrimination based on the beauty. The results of this test show that not only the beauty of the candidate is, all things being equal, a criterion of selection of the CV but also a factor of discrimination when we compare the rates of summons with an interview obtained within the same couple of candidates. This report, drawn up whatever is the degree of contact of the post with the clientele, gives evidence that the aesthetic criteria are widely used by the employers to select the candidates. The challenge for the HRM, and also for the whole company is then to assure concomitantly the freedom of recruitment of the employers and the equal treatment of the candidates on the basis of objective criteria of evaluation of their skills. |
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| Keywords: |
physical appearance, recruitment, selection, correspondence test, discrimination |
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| Pages : |
185 - 206 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0185 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-185.htm |
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| Title : |
The talent of those who lead us, who are they? Why do they? |
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| Author(s) : |
Denis, Cristol |
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This analysis is based on the heading "Transfer" the business newspaper Les Echos. This business paper diffuses 120,000 copies and had an audience of 699 000 readers. Boxes of approximately 3200 signs portraits of policymakers are offered each day reading in the middle of 10 to 15 appointments of economic figures. Between December 2008 to November 2009, 158 portraits of managers have been collected and are the subject of this study to identify determinants of trajectories such as highlighted by the interviewers. The information available are of two kinds. The first concerns the data that we describe as objectively verifiable or such as names, sex, age, qualifications, positions held, their succession in time, regional or family origin. The second relates to information that we call subjective, these quotations from interviews, say near the term of the project or motivation on the one hand and the comments and opinions of the interviewer to other. This combination of data made the story and the reasons for the trajectory and the portrait in reporting. The information collection in one side aims to inform the public and sell the paper, in the other side for the leader, it is giving a personality an acceptable and rewarding perspective, ’it is why we place the analysis in the study of socially acceptable stereotypes. The approach is therefore limited to a heuristic, a discovery of a variety of characteristics and situations that produce leaders. It aims to identify possible determinants of trajectories from the articles of the interviewers and how personal myths reinforce stereotypes. |
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| Keywords: |
diploma, leadership, elite, trajectory, career |
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| Pages : |
207 - 222 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0207 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-207.htm |
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| Title : |
Social Support given by Supervisors. The awareness of social support received as represented by employees. Measures allow to differenciate wanted, expected and perceived social support behaviours at work. |
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| Author(s) : |
Caroline, Ruiller |
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| Abstract : |
Given the growing importance of social support (SS) since 1974 from the seminal results of Caplan, the SS concept is both studying by sociologists, psychologists, epidemiologists and human resources research labs.Over the last decade the multi-dimensionality and the complexity of support, leads researchers to consider real intentions of support behaviours, the support perceived by recipients, types and nature of support and it’s reciprocity (Hupcey, 1998).As a result, perceived social measures are various and currently redifined. In this study, we define a SS model at hospital so as to develop a measure about social support perceived by nurses. The object of this article is to present 17 items and the purification steps (reliability and validity), based on an exploratory qualitative research. Two sources are evaluated: supervisor and team support. We integrate research findings on organizational support and social support in the interactionist models of stress and also the founder works to structure our research object. Two models emerge and results show up that employee expectations about the support are mainly emotional and related to esteem. |
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| Keywords: |
perceived supervisor and team support, nurses, developpment of scale measurement |
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| Pages : |
223 - 246 |
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| DOI : |
doi.org/10.3917/rips.041.0223 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-223.htm |
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| Title : |
Conducting a conflict against a social plan: the work of influence of trade union leaders |
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| Author(s) : |
François, Grima ; Rachel, Beaujolin-Bellet |
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If the practices of downsizing – in France, through «plans of safeguard jobs» – are permanent, they raise sometimes the organization of resistance actions by employees and their representatives. Collective action against restructuring projects accompanied by job cuts is in many cases very intense. In these contexts, on the basis of the work of Zoller and Fairhurst (2007) on the «leadership of resistance», we consider that the forms of resistance deployed after the announcement of downsizing practices are at a first glance collective and open, but also depend on individual and hidden forms. From the content analysis of 35 life stories conducted with union leaders who led the resistance against social plans, we question the work of leadership in these industrial actions: What are the issues and dilemmas that these leaders are facing? What kinds of relationships of influence do they develop? How do they organize these types of actions? For this, we adopt an approach of leadership work as an organizing activity (Hosking, 1991). Research updates a strong intensity of interaction with internal and external actors, and a work of leadership which can be characterized as distributed and networking. |
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| Keywords: |
industrial action, social plan, resistance, downsizing, leadership |
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| Pages : |
247 - 258 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0247 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-247.htm |
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| Title : |
Conflict resolution by watzlawick change theory. The contribution of the scenario method |
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| Author(s) : |
Isabelle, Barth ; Lionel, Bobot |
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| Abstract : |
A large number of conflict management publications have sprung up in various ways. In 1974, Watzlawick, Weakland, and Fisch published their now classic book, Change: Principles of Problem Formation and Problem Resolution. Theories about change had long existed. Watzlawick et al. concluded that the earlier theories explained first-order and second-order changes: First-order change is a variation in the way processes and procedures have been done in a given system, leaving the system itself relatively unchanged. Second-order change occurs when the system itself is changed. This type of change usually occurs as the result of a strategic change or a major crisis such as a threat against system survival. Second-order change involves a redefinition or reconceptualization of the business of the organization and the way it is to be conducted. This research presents and tests Watzlawick change theory on sales managers with the scenario method.
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| Keywords: |
scenario method, conflict resolution, waltzlawick change theory |
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| Pages : |
259 - 284 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0259 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-259.htm |
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| Title : |
The transmission of the sense of responsibility |
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| Author(s) : |
Laurent, Bibard |
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| Abstract : |
The transmission of the sense of responsibility confronts two contradictory dynamics : 1) parents’ desire to transmit ways of life, values, “ready-made” sense which aims to secure children future, 2) and the necessity to make room to real experiential learnings which are occasions for practicing and educating a necessary free sense of responsibility.
We show how the control culture we inherited, paradoxically enough frustrates responsibility experiential apprenticeship in a context of leadership questioning.
Gender relations surely are at the root of this current difficulty, as well its possible solutions. |
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| Keywords: |
leadership, freedom, responsibility, gender, sensemaking |
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| Pages : |
285 - 302 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0285 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-285.htm |
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| Title : |
Codes of conduct and good manners. The weak attention given to them during training. With Alceste 4.9, the theory on critical incidents allows to determine which codes of conduct must be taught in order to divide the error rate by 2. |
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| Author(s) : |
Christian, Bourion ; Sybille, Persson |
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| Abstract : |
Whereas codes of conduct are generally determined from moral and cultural norms, this article sets the issue within the field of the sciences of danger (cindynics) and more particularly the critical incident method, as applied to organizational behaviour. Research establishes a set of codes of conduct with a view to making the first professional experiences of managers still in training successful. On the empirical level, it draws on 539 experiences in the light of the protocol relating to critical incidents. 204 critical situations emerge from the corpus of evidence and give rise to a lexicometrical analysis using the software Alceste 4.9, which enables us to update 46 codes of conduct. These codes of conduct can also be integrated into the HR teachings given during subsequent classes. |
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| Keywords: |
Alceste, good manners, codes of conduct, training, critical incidents, internships, apprenticeships, learning |
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| Pages : |
303 - 317 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0303 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-303.htm |
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| Title : |
Boreout syndrome. The shameful work illness |
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| Author(s) : |
Christian, Bourion ; Stéphane, Trébucq |
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| Abstract : |
In 1958, James G. March and Herbert A. Simon noted that there is no limit to the amount of inactivity that can be absorbed by organizations. In 1995, Jeremy Rifkin predicted The End of Work. In 2007, Philippe Rothlin and Peter R. Werder conceptualized the Boreout Syndrome. In 2008, STEPSTONE carried out a European survey of 11,238 employees from seven European countries. The verdict is unequivocal: 32% of European employees occupy a job in which they have nothing to do. Our academic researches show that there is no state of the art on the subject. Our preliminary discussions with the test group determined that data can be collected from Internet Relay Chats concerning boredom at work. We proceeded with several successive interrogations, incrementing search engines by family of keywords. We then processed the corpus using Alceste 4.9 software. The result is acceptable, since the axes explain 73% of the corpus information in total. Analysis of the verbatims sorted by the software gave us information on two aspects of Boreout syndrome. Its structure and its emergence: the signals given out by people who are bored at work. |
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| Keywords: |
boredom at work, inactivity at work, bore-out syndrom |
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| Pages : |
319 - 346 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0319 |
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| Type : |
Epilogue |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-319.htm |
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| Title : |
Psychological torture on TV |
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| Author(s) : |
Agathe, Potel ; Sylvie, Roussillon |
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| Abstract : |
The re-staging on Antenne 2 of the famous Milgram Obedience experiment as a reality television show (Zone Xtreme) reveals how an organizational system can abet an individual to torture another one to death only by using scientific and/or pedagogical arguments. We describe the mechanisms that keep somebody from identifying the different stages of psychological violence and sufferings inflicted and that can occur within some organizations. |
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| Keywords: |
psychological violence, smokescreen, organizational violence, obedience to authority, ethical suffering |
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| Pages : |
347 - 355 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0347 |
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| Type : |
Research paper |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-347.htm |
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| Title : |
Social service challenged by HRM |
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| Author(s) : |
Dominique, Paturel |
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| Pages : |
357 - 361 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0357 |
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| Type : |
Book review |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-357.htm |
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| Title : |
Difference & suffering of the gifted adult |
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| Author(s) : |
Cécile, Bost |
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| Pages : |
363 - 364 |
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| DOI : |
10.3917/rips.041.0363 |
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| Type : |
Book review |
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| URL Cairn: |
https://www.cairn.info/revue-internationale-de-psychosociologie-2011-41-page-363.htm |
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